In recent years, the incidence of hypertension and diabetes has been increasing with the rise in people’s standard of living and changes in their work rhythms. Hypertension and diabetes seriously affect people’s health and the medical burden is high. If high blood pressure is combined with diabetes, it will have an even greater impact on the patient’s health. What is the relationship between hypertension and diabetes mellitus and what do patients with hypertension and diabetes mellitus need to be aware of is something we need to discuss and learn.

Hypertension is a complex, progressive cardiovascular syndrome caused by the interaction of multiple etiologic factors and is one of the important independent risk factors for cardiovascular disease. So having high blood pressure and diabetes at the same time is not uncommon.

The combined presence of hypertension and diabetes has a synergistic effect on cardiovascular risk. It can be said that how to manage patients with hypertension combined with diabetes mellitus scientifically and effectively is important for preventing cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events and improving quality of life and prolonging patients’ lifespan.

Is there a relationship between hypertension and diabetes? Hypertension is one of the common complications and concomitant diseases of diabetes mellitus, and the prevalence of both diabetes mellitus and hypertension increases with age. Clinically, diabetes mellitus is usually combined with hypertension, which is mostly related to genetic factors, poor lifestyle habits and other conditions. In severe cases, it often induces cerebral vascular sclerosis, myocardial infarction and other conditions.

Diabetics are twice as likely to develop hypertension as non-diabetics. The development of hypertension in type I diabetes is often associated with increased kidney damage. Type II diabetes tends to coexist with hypertension at an earlier age, and 30-50% of patients already have hypertension when diabetes is detected. Hypertension can precede type II diabetes, about 10% of hypertensive patients have diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance, and hypertensive patients are 2.5 times more likely to develop diabetes than normotensive individuals. Conversely, insulin resistance, elevated blood glucose, and kidney damage in diabetics can cause hypertension. The coexistence of diabetes and hypertension significantly increases the risk of the development and progression of cardiovascular disease, stroke, nephropathy, and retinopathy, as well as increasing the rate of death in patients with diabetes.

In addition, these two diseases are often easy to accompany the disease, patients with diabetes mellitus who involve the kidneys and develop diabetic nephropathy may have elevated blood pressure. Generally in stage 4 of diabetic nephropathy, patients develop overt proteinuria, this time the glomerular filtration rate decreases, and patients may present with swelling and hypertension. With the progression of the disease, reaching end-stage renal disease may present persistent hypertension and edema, as well as a continuous decline in glomerular filtration rate. In conclusion, diabetes mellitus and hypertension are closely related, once diabetes mellitus combined with hypertension should be actively intervened, lowering glucose, controlling blood pressure and other comprehensive treatment, in order to improve the quality of life of patients.

Diabetes + Hypertension Considerations I. Improve your lifestyle. This is the common basis for treating diabetes and hypertension. Eat reasonably and control the total daily calories. Reduce the intake of animal fat. Limit salt, no more than 5 grams of salt per person per day. Do not drink alcohol and prohibit smoking.

Second, appropriate physical exercise. Exercise lowers blood sugar and also lowers blood pressure, and reduces weight, enhances physical strength, and lowers insulin resistance. You can choose fast walking, jogging, playing tai chi and other ways, 5 times a week, each time about 30 minutes. Control emotional excitement and mental tension, maintain a healthy mental state, and avoid fluctuations in blood pressure and blood sugar.

Third, carry out sugar-lowering and blood pressure-lowering medication. Both at the same time is not contradictory. In recent years, the development of anti-hypertensive drugs is rapid and there are many varieties, patients should choose drugs under the guidance of doctors according to their own blood pressure characteristics, age, complications and economic situation. Individualized treatment should be emphasized.

Fourth, self-monitoring. Frequent self-monitoring of blood glucose and measurement of blood pressure 1~2 times a week. For people with ordinary hypertension, the goal of blood pressure reduction is 140/90mmHg or less, but for diabetes + hypertension, this standard can not be met, and must meet the standard of less than 130/80mmHg.

Fifth, to find the blood pressure fluctuation pattern, select and regulate the use of drugs. It is recommended that patients bring their own sphygmomanometers to measure and better monitor their blood pressure. 3~6 months to monitor complications, such as electrocardiograms, cardiac ultrasound, urinary proteins, funduscopic examination, and so on. Early diagnosis and early treatment of various complications can reduce the rate of disability and death.

Hypertension and diabetes patients, the vast majority of the blood viscosity, after menopause, estrogen dramatically reduced, resulting in a sharp decline in the body’s antioxidant capacity, resulting in blood viscosity, the body’s oxygen utilization decreased, the result is not only the rise in blood pressure, but also excessive secretion of insulin hyperglycemia, pushing up the rise of high blood glucose, for hypertensive patients need to be taken through the antihypertensive drugs to control blood pressure, can be under the guidance of the doctor to take medication, daily life should be a light diet. The patients with high blood pressure usually need to take antihypertensive drugs to control their blood pressure, which can be taken under the guidance of a doctor, and they should have a light diet in daily life.

High blood pressure will accelerate the development of diabetic nephropathy, and the accelerated progress of diabetic nephropathy will cause further increase in blood pressure, forming a vicious circle. For patients with diabetes and high blood pressure, it is important to develop good habits, eat a balanced diet and exercise.

Written in the end, I hope you must pay attention to: from the economic point of view, spend 1 dollar in the prevention of disease can achieve the effect of spending 10 dollars in treatment, so prevention is more important than treatment, any disease is no exception. Hypertension and diabetes is a behavioral disease, its occurrence is more closely related to behavioral factors, so we must pay attention to the prevention of hypertension and diabetes.